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Protections Specifications

AES Cabinet Protection Specifications

Specification

Description

Cell Overvoltage

Level 1 (a)

≥3.55 V for 5 s: Charging is derated. Discharging is allowed.
Consequence: Charging is reduced to avoid overvoltage.

Level 2 (a)

≥3.60 V for 5 s: Charging is stopped. Discharging is allowed.
Consequence: Charging is halted to protect against overvoltage. Discharging is still available.

Level 3 (b)

≥3.65 V for 3 s: System shuts down. Charging and discharging are halted. A manual restart is required.

Cell Undervoltage

Level 1 (a)

≤2.90 V for 5 s: Discharging is derated. Charging is allowed.
Consequence: Discharging is reduced to avoid undervoltage.

Level 2 (a)

≤2.80 V for 5 s: Discharging is stopped. Charging is allowed.
Consequence: Discharging is halted to protect from battery undervoltage. Charging is allowed.

Level 3 (b)

≤2.60V for 3 s: System shuts down. Charging and discharging are halted. A manual restart is required.

Cell Imbalance

Level 1 a)

≥350 mV for 5 s: Charging and discharging are derated.
Consequence: Charging and discharging current are reduced to balance cell voltage differences.

Level 2 (a)

≥400 mV for 5 s: Charging and discharging are stopped.
Consequence: Charging and discharging are halted to avoid imbalance between cells.

Level 3 (b)

≥500 mV for 3 s: System shuts down. Charging and discharging are halted. A manual restart is required.

Battery Pack Overvoltage

Level 1 (a)

≥184.6 V for 5 s: Charging is derated. Discharging is allowed.
Consequence: Charging is reduced to avoid overvoltage.

Level 2 (a)

≥187.2 V for 5 s: Charging is stopped. Discharging is allowed.
Consequence: Charging is halted to protect against overvoltage.

Level 3 (b)

≥189.8 V for 3 s: System shuts down. A manual restart is required.
Consequence: Total system shutdown to protect against damage from overvoltage-related failure.

Battery Pack Undervoltage

Level 1 (a)

≤150.8 V for 5 s: Discharging is derated. Charging is allowed.
Consequence: Discharging is reduced to avoid undervoltage.

Level 2 (a)

≤145.6 V for 5 s: Discharging is stopped. Charging is allowed.
Consequence: Discharging is halted to protect against undervoltage.

Level 3 (b)

≤135.2 V for 3 s: System shuts down. A manual restart is required.
Consequence: Total system shutdown to protect against damage from undervoltage-related failure.

Battery Cabinet Discharge Current

Level 1 (a)

≥150 A for 5 s: Discharging current is reduced by the BMS.
Consequence: Discharging is reduced to avoid overcurrent.

Level 2 (a)

≥155 A for 5 s: Discharging is stopped. Charging is allowed.
Consequence: Discharging is halted to protect against overcurrent damage.

Level 3 (b)

≥160 A for 3 s: System shuts down. A manual restart is required.
Consequence: Total system shutdown to protect against damage from discharge overcurrent-related failure.

Battery Cabinet Charge Current

Level 1 (a)

≥150 A for 5 s: Charging current is derated by the BMS.
Consequence: Charging is reduced to avoid overcurrent.

Level 2 (a)

≥155 A for 5 s: Charging is stopped. Discharging is allowed.
Consequence: Charging is halted to protect against damage from overcurrent.

Level 3 (b)

≥160 A for 3 s: System shuts down. A manual restart is required.
Consequence: Total system shutdown to protect against damage from charge overcurrent-related failure.

Low Insulation Resistance

Level 1 (a)

≤1000 kΩ for 2 s: Charging and discharging are derated.
Consequence: Charging and discharging are derated to avoid issues from reduced insulation resistance.

Level 2 (a)

≤500 kΩ for 2 s: Charging and discharging is stopped.
Consequence: Charging and discharging are halted to protect against damage from poor insulation.

Level 3 (b)

≤100 kΩ for 2 s: System shuts down. A manual restart is required.
Consequence: Total system shutdown to protect against damage from insulation-related failure.

High Temperature

Level 1 (a)

≥40°C 104°F @ Charge for 5 s / ≥45°C (113°F) @ Discharge for 5 s: Charging and discharging current are reduced.
Consequence: Current is derated to avoid high temperatures.

Level 2 (a)

≥45°C (113°F) @ Charge for 5 s / ≥50°C (122°F) @ Discharge for 5 s: Charging and discharging are stopped.
Consequence: Charging and discharging are halted to protect against high-temperature damage.

Level 3 (b)

≥50°C (122°F) @ Charge for 3 s / ≥55°C (131°F) @ Discharge for 3 s: System shuts down. A manual restart is required.
Consequence: Total system shutdown to protect against damage from high-temperature-related failure.

Low Temperature

Level 1 (a)

≤10°C (50°F) @ Charge for 5 s / ≤5°C (41°F) @ Discharge for 5 s: Charging and discharging current are reduced.
Consequence: Charging and discharging are derated to avoid damage in low temperatures.

Level 2 (a)

≤5°C (41°F) @ Charge for 5 s / ≤0°C (32°F) @ Discharge for 5 s: Charging and discharging is stopped.
Consequence: Charging and discharging are halted to protect against low-temperature damage.

Level 3 (b)

≤0°C (32°F) @ Charge for 3 s / ≤-10°C (14°F) @ Discharge for 3 s: System shuts down. A manual restart is required.
Consequence: Total system shutdown to protect against damage from low-temperature-related failure.

High Terminal Temperature

Level 1

≥70°C for 5 s: Warning only.

Level 2

≥75°C for 5 s: Warning only.

Low State of Charge

Level 1

≤10% for 5 s: Warning only.

Level 2

≤0% for 5 s: Warning only.

(a) Level 1 and Level 2 Warnings: These will cause temporary system performance limitations, but the system should self-recover automatically once conditions normalize.
(b) Level 3 Alarm: This will trigger a system shutdown and maintenance alarm. To restore operation, identify and address the root cause of the alarm, then perform a manual restart.

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