Heating Mode
In cold conditions, the TMS activates a heating cycle to prevent lithium plating and ensure safe charging:
Activation thresholds
During discharge: If system average ≤ −5°C (23°F) or any battery pack ≤ −10°C (14°F).
During charge: If the system average ≤ 10°C (50°F) or any battery pack ≤ 5°C (41°F).
Deactivation thresholds: Heating disengages once the system average reaches 25°C (77°F) and all packs are ≥ 20°C (68°F).
Process: Coolant is routed through PTC ceramic heaters, which warm the fluid before circulating through pack plates. This raises the pack temperature uniformly until all cells are in the safe operating range.
Target coolant temperature: 30°C (86°F).
Control logic: While heaters are active, charging and discharging are restricted or derated until safe thresholds are met; once those thresholds are met, full performance is restored.
This ensures that cabinets remain fully chargeable even when ambient temperatures drop to −30°C (-22°F), even in cold climates where unmanaged batteries would remain offline.
Cold Environment Performance
Safe charging down to −30°C (-22°F) ambient temperatures, with pre-heating to ≥20°C (68°F) before current acceptance.
Eliminates lithium plating risk.
Suitable for extreme-cold regions such as Canada, Scandinavia, and Alaska.
Example cold-environment deployment: